The Black Death, a bubonic plague pandemic, ravaged Europe and Asia in the mid-14th century, killing an estimated 75200 million people, or one-third to one-half of the world’s population. It is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis usually transmitted to humans by fleas that have bitten infected rodents. The plague primarily affected densely populated urban areas with poor sanitation, where rats and fleas were abundant.
While the Black Death ultimately subsided, it left a lasting impact on societies and economies. The pandemic disrupted feudal systems, led to labor shortages, and contributed to social and economic changes. Understanding “how to avoid the Black Death” provides valuable insights into preventing and controlling infectious diseases, promoting public health, and appreciating the historical significance of this devastating pandemic.
